Presidential and Presidential Election Procedures of India 2022 Indian President Election Explain Articles 52 to 78 of Part V of the Constit...
Presidential and Presidential Election Procedures of India 2022
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| Indian President Election Explain |
Articles 52 to 78 of Part V of the Constitution relate to the executive branch of the federation. The Federal Executive consists of the President, the Vice-President, the Prime Minister, the Cabinet and the Attorney General of India. The President is the head of the Indian nation. He is the first citizen of India and a symbol of unity, integrity and determination of the country.
Presidential election 2022
The President is not directly elected by the people, but is elected by the constituency. The members of the Constituency include the following members:
(1) Elected Members of both Houses of Parliament.
(2) Elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies.
(3) Elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry.
(4) Elected members of the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly
Nominated Members of both Houses of Parliament, Nominated Members of State Legislative Assemblies, Elected and Nominated Members of Legislative Assemblies in states where there is a Bicameral Legislature, and Nominated Members of Legislative Assemblies in Delhi and Puducherry do not participate in Presidential elections. Where the Assembly has been dissolved and elections have not been held for the dissolved Assembly seats before the Presidential election, members are not eligible to vote in the Presidential election.
The constitution states that there will be equality in the proportion of representation of different states in the presidential election as well as equality between the states and the center. To achieve this, the number of votes an elected member of each state and parliament can cast in such an election is determined as follows -
(1) An elected member of the State Legislative Assembly, the population of the State divided by the number of elected members of the Legislative Assembly may be given votes as many as one thousandth. This can be shown as follows. Value of votes of Assembly members
State Population / Elected Members of State Legislative Assembly × 1/1000
(2) The total number of votes cast for the members of the State Legislative Assembly divided by the number of elected members in both the Houses of Parliament shall be equal to the number of votes cast for the elected members of both the Houses of Parliament. This can be shown as follows.
[1) This provision was included under the 70th Amendment Act, 1992 from June 1, 1995. (2) According to the 84th Amendment Act of 2001, the population is the population as per the 1971 census till the release of relevant data from the first census conducted after 2026. ]
Value of votes of Members of Parliament
(Value of votes of elected assembly members in all the states / Number of elected members in both the Houses of Parliament)
Presidential elections are held on the basis of proportional representation, single transitional voting, and secret ballot. This method ensures that the elected candidate will be elected by a simple majority. The method of determining the candidate's share of the votes (proportion of votes) for the election of the President is as follows:
The number of votes required to be elected
= Total Statutory Votes / 1 (number of delegates to be elected) + 1 + 1
Only one ballot paper is given to a member of the constituency. While voting, the voter registers his preference as 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. next to the names of the candidates. This means that the voter can register as many priorities as there are candidates. In the first stage, the votes of the first priority are counted. In this counting of votes, if a candidate gets a standard number of votes, he is declared elected; If not, the transitional voting principle is applied. The ballot papers of the candidate who got the lowest number of votes in the first priority are considered canceled and the votes of the second priority are given to the other candidates of the first priority. This process is carried out till the required number of votes is cast.
All doubts and controversies related to the presidential election are investigated and decided by the Supreme Court. These decisions are final. The election of the President cannot be challenged on the ground that there were vacancies in the constituency and therefore the constituency was incomplete. Even if the Supreme Court declares the presidential election invalid, the actions taken by the President before the date of the Supreme Court's declaration are not invalid and the effect of that action remains.
Some members of the Constituent Assembly criticized the process of indirect election of the President for not being democratic and suggested the concept of direct elections. But the legislators accepted the indirect election process for the following reasons.
(1) The indirect election of the President is consistent with the parliamentary system of government in the Constitution. In this system, the President is the nominal authority and the actual powers are vested in the Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister. It would have been inconsistent for the people to directly elect the President and not give him real power.
(2) Considering the huge number of voters, direct election of President would have been very costly and time consuming and energy consuming. This is unnecessary as the President is the symbolic head.
Some members of the Constituent Assembly had suggested that the President should be elected only by members of both the Houses of Parliament. With one party dominating the parliament, the president of the same party will definitely be elected and the constituent states of the federation will not be represented in it. The present system represents the Union and the constituent states equally.
It was pointed out in the Constituent Assembly that the term proportional representation is inconsistent in the presidential election. Proportional representation is used when two or more seats are to be filled. In the case of the President, there is only one post. It would be more appropriate to call it a preferred or alternative voting system. Similarly, since no voter has a single vote and each voter has more than one vote, the term 'single transitional system' was also challenged.
(1952 to 2022) President and Presidential elections
Election no.
The winning candidate is.
the main competitor.
1.(1952)
Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
K. T. Shah
2.(1957)
Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
N.N.Das
3.(1962).
Dr. S. Radhakrishnan.
Chaudhary Hari Ram
4.(1967).
Dr. Zakir Hussain.
K. Subbarao
5.(1969).
VV Giri
N. Sanjeev Reddy
6.(1974).
Fakruddin Ali Ahmed.
Tridev Chaudhary
7.(1977)
N. Sanjeev Reddy.
Unopposed
8.(1982).
Giani Zail Singh.
H. R. Khanna
9.(1987)
R. Venkat Raman.
V. Krishna Iyer
10.(1992)
Dr. Shankar Dyal Sharma.
George Swell
11.(1997)
K. R. Narayan.
T.N. Seshan
12.(2002)
Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
Lakshmi Sehgal
13.(2007)
Pratibha Patil.
B.S. Shekhawat
14.(2012)
Pranab Mukherjee.
P.A. Sangma
15.(2017)
Ramnath Konvind.
Meira Kumar
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